This section contains the latest COVID-19 longitudinal research and evidence, including briefing notes, reports, academic publications and articles.
Use the table below to search, sort and filter by study, topic, and geographical coverage.
Download the CLOSER COVID-19 Longitudinal Research and Evidence Tracker
Last updated: 13 November 2020
| COVID-19 Publication | Date of publication | Longitudinal study | Geographical coverage | Type of publication | Topic/theme | Access publication |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Understanding Society COVID-19 Survey Briefing Note: Social cohesion – what has changed during the coronavirus outbreak? | November 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Briefing note | Social cohesion; Deprivation; Ethnic minorities | Link to the briefing note |
| Comparison of two different frailty measurements and risk of hospitalisation or death from COVID-19: findings from UK Biobank. | November 2020 | UK Biobank | National | Article | Frailty; Lifestyle; Hospitalisation | Link to the article |
| Is older age associated with COVID-19 mortality in the absence of other risk factors? General population cohort study of 470,034 participants. | November 2020 | UK Biobank | National | Article | Old age; Mortality; Comorbidities | Link to the article |
| Coming together or coming apart? Changes in social cohesion during the Covid-19 pandemic in England | October 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Article | Social cohesion; Trust; Neighbourhoods | Link to the article |
| At the edge of the safety net: Unsuccessful benefits claims at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic | October 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Report | Benefits claimants; Inequalities; Mental health | Link to the report |
| Experiences of lockdown during the Covid-19 pandemic: descriptive findings from a survey of families in the Born in Bradford study | October 2020 | Born in Bradford | Regional | Pre-print (awaiting peer review) | Anxiety; Financial insecurity; Families | Link to the paper |
| Generation COVID: Emerging Work and Education Inequalities | October 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Working paper | Unemployment; Learning; Generations | Link to the paper |
| Fare differently, feel differently: mental well-being of UK-born and foreign-born working men during the COVID-19 pandemic European Societies | October 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Article | Mental health; Gender; Nationality | Link to the article |
| MPCs through COVID: spending, saving and private transfers | October 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Working paper | Household finances; Consumption; Uncertainty | Link to the paper |
| Work, care and gender during the COVID-19 crisis | October 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Discussion paper | Gender; Inequalities; Caring | Link to the paper |
| Trust in government and others during the COVID-19 pandemic - Initial findings from the COVID-19 Survey in Five National Longitudinal Studies. | October 2020 | Millennium Cohort Study; Next Steps; 1970 British Cohort Study; 1958 National Child Development Study; 1946 National Survey of Health and Development | National | Briefing paper | Trust; Compliance; Social distancing | Link to the briefing paper |
| Carrying the work burden of the COVID-19 pandemic: working class women in the UK | October 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Briefing Note | Gender; Class; Employment; Mental health | Link to the briefing note |
| Weather Affects Mobility but not Mental Well-being During Lockdown | October 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Working paper | Weather; Lockdown; Mental Health | Link to the paper |
| The Heterogeneous and Regressive Consequences of COVID-19: Evidence from High Quality Panel Data | October 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Working paper | Employment; Inequalities; Financial distress | Link to the paper |
| Sociodemographic inequality in exposure to COVID-19-induced economic hardship in the United Kingdom | October 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Article | Inequalities; Economic hardship; Earnings | Link to the article |
| Risk of Depression in Family Caregivers: Unintended Consequence of COVID-19 | October 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Article | Depression; Family caregiving; Loneliness | Link to the paper |
| Half of children entitled to free school meals do not have access to the scheme during the COVID-19 lockdown in the UK | October 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Article | Free school meals; Food insecurity; Poverty | Link to the paper |
| Financial consequences of the coronavirus pandemic for older people | September 2020 | English Longitudinal Study of Ageing | National | Briefing Note | Older people; Financial circumstances; Unemployment | Link to the briefing note |
| The experience of older people instructed to shield or self-isolate during the COVID-19 pandemic | September 2020 | English Longitudinal Study of Ageing | National | Briefing Note | Older people; Self-isolation; Mental health | Link to the briefing note |
| The experience of older people with multimorbidity during the COVID-19 pandemic | September 2020 | English Longitudinal Study of Ageing | National | Briefing Note | Older people; Comorbidity; Health behaviours | Link to the briefing note |
| Changes in older people’s experiences of providing care and of volunteering during the COVID-19 pandemic | September 2020 | English Longitudinal Study of Ageing | National | Briefing Note | Older people; Caring; Volunteering | Link to the briefing note |
| Mental health and health behaviours before and during the COVID-19 lockdown: Longitudinal analyses of the UK Household Longitudinal Study | September 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Article | Mental health; Health behaviours; Psychological distress | Link to the article |
| Obesity as a risk factor for COVID-19 mortality in women and men in the UK Biobank: comparisons with influenza/pneumonia and coronary heart disease | September 2020 | UK Biobank | National | Article | Obesity; Influenza; Comorbidity | Link to the article |
| Poor inhibitory control and stress as risk-factors for alcohol (mis)use during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK: a national cross-sectional study across four generations | September 2020 | Millennium Cohort Study; Next Steps; 1970 British Cohort Study; 1958 National Child Development Study; 1946 National Survey of Health and Development | National | Pre-print (awaiting peer review) | Alcohol consumption; Stress; Health behaviours | Link to the paper |
| Genetic mechanisms of critical illness in Covid-19 | September 2020 | Generation Scotland; UK Biobank | National | Pre-print (awaiting peer review) | Genetics; Comorbidity; Genomics | Link to the paper |
| The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children - A resource for COVID-19 research: Questionnaire data capture May-July 2020 | September 2020 | Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children | Regional | Data note (awaiting peer review) | Cross-generation; Health; Well-being; Behaviour | Link to the Data note |
| Inequality in access to health and care services during lockdown - Findings from the COVID-19 survey in five UK national longitudinal studies | September 2020 | Millennium Cohort Study; Next Steps; 1970 British Cohort Study; 1958 National Child Development Study; 1946 National Survey of Health and Development | National | Pre-print (awaiting peer review) | Access to health care; Inequalities; Public health | Link to the paper |
| The impact of asthma on mental health & wellbeing during COVID-19 lockdown | September 2020 | Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children | Regional | Pre-print (awaiting peer review) | Asthma; Self-isolation; Mental health | Link to the paper |
| COVID-19: has the pandemic affected relationships between children and their non-resident parents? | September 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Briefing Note | Separated families; Child maintenance; Parent-child relationships | Link to the briefing note |
| Changing living arrangements, family dynamics and stress during lockdown: evidence from four birth cohorts in the UK | September 2020 | Understanding Society, Millennium Cohort Study; 1970 British Cohort Study; 1958 National Child Development Study; | National | Pre-print (awaiting peer review) | Living arrangements; Stress; Lockdown | Link to the paper |
| Occupation and risk of severe COVID-19: prospective cohort study of 120,075 UK Biobank | September 2020 | UK Biobank | National | Pre-print (awaiting peer review) | Occupation; Inequalities; Health workers | Link to the paper |
| Prevalence and Predictors of General Psychiatric Disorders and Loneliness during COVID-19 in the United Kingdom: Results from the Understanding Society UKHLS | September 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Article | Loneliness; Mental health; Inequalities | Link to the article |
| BMI and future risk for COVID-19 infection and death across sex, age and ethnicity: preliminary findings from UK biobank | September 2020 | UK Biobank | National | Article | BMI; Physical health; Ethnicity | Link to the paper |
| Mental health and health behaviours before and during the COVID-19 lockdown: Longitudinal analyses of the UK Household Longitudinal Study. | September 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Article | Mental health; Health behaviours; Psychological distress | Link to the paper |
| Who is lonely in lockdown? Cross-cohort analyses of predictors of loneliness before and during the COVID-19 pandemic | September 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Article | Cross-cohort; Loneliness; Inequalities | Link to the article |
| All together now? The impacts of the Government’s coronavirus income support schemes across the age distribution | September 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Briefing note | Household income; Financial support; Social security | Link to the briefing note |
| Longitudinal evidence for persistent anxiety in young adults through COVID-19 restrictions | August 2020 | Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children | Regional | Pre-print (awaiting peer review) | Anxiety; Lockdown; Adolescents | Link to the paper |
| Gender differences in the impact of the Covid-19 lockdown on unpaid care work and psychological distress in the UK | August 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Pre-print (awaiting peer review) | Lockdown; Gender inequalities; Unpaid care work | Link to the paper |
| SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection in pregnant women: characterization of symptoms and syndromes predictive of disease and severity through real-time, remote participatory epidemiology | August 2020 | TwinsUK | National | Pre-print (awaiting peer review) | Pregnancy; Epidemiology; Comorbidity | Link to the paper |
| Association of obesity and its genetic predisposition with the risk of severe COVID-19: Analysis of population-based cohort data | August 2020 | UK Biobank | National | Article | Obesity; Genetics; Epidemiology | Link to the article |
| Excess cardiovascular deaths in the beginning of COVID-19 outbreak | August 2020 | UK Biobank | National | Pre-print (awaiting peer review) | Cardiovascular disease; Mortality; Hospitalization | Link to the paper |
| Vitamin D and COVID-19 infection and mortality in UK Biobank | August 2020 | UK Biobank | National | Article | Vitamin D; Mortality; Inequalities | Link to the article |
| Genetically-predicted vitamin D status, ambient UVB during the pandemic and COVID-19 risk in UK Biobank: Mendelian Randomisation study | August 2020 | UK Biobank | National | Pre-print (awaiting peer review) | Vitamin D; Genetics; Seasonality | Link to the paper |
| The Born in Bradford COVID-19 Research Study: Protocol for an adaptive mixed methods research study to gather actionable intelligence on the impact of COVID-19 on health inequalities amongst families living in Bradford | August 2020 | Born in Bradford | Regional | Article | Health inequalities; Deprivation; Ethnicity; Methodology | Link to the paper |
| Who is left behind? Altruism of giving, happiness and mental health during the Covid-19 period in the UK | August 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Pre-print (awaiting peer review) | Altruism; Mental health; Happiness | Link to the paper |
| What can previous recessions tell us about the Covid-19 downturn? | August 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Working paper | Recession; Unemployment; Inequalities | Link to the paper |
| Estrogen and COVID-19 symptoms: associations in women from the COVID Symptom Study | August 2020 | Twins UK/Symptom Study | National | Pre-print (awaiting peer review) | Estrogen; Women; Menopause | Link to the paper |
| TeenCovidLife Survey 1 General Report Health and wellbeing of young people in lockdown | August 2020 | Generation Scotland | Devolved Nations | Report | Young people; Well being; Stress | Link to the report |
| Working parents, financial insecurity, and child-care: mental health in the time of COVID-19 | August 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Discussion paper | Mental health; Child care; Financial insecurity | Link to the paper |
| Mental health during lockdown: evidence from four generations - Initial findings from the COVID-19 Survey in Five National Longitudinal Studies | August 2020 | Millennium Cohort Study; Next Steps; 1970 British Cohort Study; 1958 National Child Development Study; 1946 National Survey of Health and Development | National | Briefing Note | Mental health; Generations; Inequalities | Link to the briefing note |
| Intersecting ethnic and native–migrant inequalities in the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK | August 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Article | Ethnicity; Socioeconomic status; Inequalities | Link to the article |
| Ethnic differences in effects of COVID-19: household and local context | August 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Briefing Note | Ethnicity; Mental health; Neighbourhood cohesion | Link to the briefing note |
| Dynamic linkage of COVID-19 test results between Public Health England's Second Generation Surveillance System and UK Biobank | July 2020 | UK Biobank | National | Article | Epidemiology; Genetics; Microbiology | Link to the article |
| Preexisting Comorbidities Predicting COVID-19 and Mortality in the UK Biobank Community Cohort | July 2020 | UK Biobank | National | Article | Comorbidity; Mortality; Epidemiology | Link to the article |
| Estimates of the rate of infection and asymptomatic COVID-19 disease in a population sample from SE England | July 2020 | Twins UK | Regional | Pre-print (awaiting peer review) | Symptomology; Serology; Antibodies | Link to the paper |
| Changes in the behavioural determinants of health during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: gender, socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities in 5 British cohort studies | July 2020 | Millennium Cohort Study; Next Steps; 1970 British Cohort Study; 1958 National Child Development Study; 1946 National Survey of Health and Development | National | Pre-print (awaiting peer review) | Health behaviour; Gender; Inequalities | Link to the paper |
| Learning inequalities during the Covid-19 pandemic: how families cope with home-schooling | July 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Working Paper | Home schooling; Family structure; Socioeconomic disadvantage | Link to the report |
| Coronavirus and the impact on caring | July 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Report | Caring; Support; Well being | Link to the report |
| Finances and employment during lockdown - Initial findings from the COVID-19 Survey in Five National Longitudinal Studies | July 2020 | Millennium Cohort Study; Next Steps; 1970 British Cohort Study; 1958 National Child Development Study; 1946 National Survey of Health and Development | National | Briefing Note | Financial circumstances; Employment; Self-employed workers | Link to the briefing note |
| Parental involvement in home schooling and developmental play during lockdown - Initial findings from the COVID19 Survey in Five National Longitudinal Studies | July 2020 | Millennium Cohort Study; Next Steps; 1970 British Cohort Study; 1958 National Child Development Study; 1946 National Survey of Health and Development | National | Briefing Note | Home schooling; Child development; Parenting | Link to the briefing note |
| The Effect of the Great Lockdown on Homeworking in the United Kingdom | July 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Report | Home working; Employment; Well being | Link to the report |
| Mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal probability sample survey of the UK population | July 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Article | Mental health; Inequalities; Employment | Link to the article |
| Sleepless in Lockdown: unpacking differences in sleep loss during the coronavirus pandemic in the UK | July 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Pre-print (awaiting peer review) | Sleep loss; Ethnicity; Well-being | Link to the paper |
| Estimating Variation of Covid-19 infection in the Population:Results from Understanding Society (UKHLS) first monthly covid-19 survey | July 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Pre-print (awaiting peer review) | Infection rates; Ethnicity; Regional disparities | Link to the paper |
| Home learning during Covid-19: Findings from the Understanding Society Longitudinal Study | July 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Report | Home schooling; Inequalities; Ethnicity | Link to the report |
| Diagnostic value of skin manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection | July 2020 | COVID Symptom Tracker | National | Pre-print (awaiting peer review) | Symptomology; Skin rashes; Hospitalization | Link to the paper |
| Race, socioeconomic deprivation, and hospitalization for COVID-19 in English participants of a national biobank | July 2020 | UK Biobank | National | Article | Ethnicity; Socioeconomic status; Hospitalization | Link to the article |
| Vitamin D concentrations and COVID-19 infection in UK Biobank | July 2020 | UK Biobank | National | Article | Vitamin D; Ethnicity; Inequalities | Link to the article |
| COVID-19 and mental health deterioration among BAME groups in the UK | July 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Working paper | Mental health; Ethnicity; Inequalities | Link to the paper |
| Living in poverty was bad for your health before COVID-19 | July 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Working paper | Poverty; Inequalities; Public health | Link to the paper |
| Ethnicity and COVID-19 infection: are the pieces of the puzzle falling into place? | July 2020 | UK Biobank | National | Commentary | Ethnicity; Inequalities; Deprivation | Link to the commentary |
| Intersecting household level health and socio-economic vulnerabilities and the COVID-19 crisis: an analysis from the UK | July 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Article | Health inequalities; Household types; Employment | Link to the article |
| How has the Covid-19 crisis impacted parents’ relationships with their children? | July 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Policy briefing | Parenting; Inequalities; Family composition | Link to the briefing |
| Cut hours, not people: no work, furlough, short hours and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK | July 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Working paper | Working hours; Mental health; Unemployment | Link to the paper |
| Understanding Society COVID-19 Survey May Briefing Note: Family relationships | July 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Briefing note | Parenting; Home schooling; Inequalities | Link to the note |
| The mental health impact of COVID-19 and pandemic related stressors among adults in the UK | July 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Pre-print (awaiting peer review) | Mental health; Living conditions; Work | Link to the paper |
| The gender gap in mental well-being during the Covid-19 outbreak: evidence from the UK | June 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Working paper | Mental health; Gender; Loneliness | Link to the paper |
| Ethnic disparities in hospitalisation for COVID-19 in England: The role of socioeconomic factors, mental health, and inflammatory and pro-inflammatory factors in a community-based cohort study | June 2020 | UK Biobank | National | Article | Ethnicity; Mental health; Hospitalization | Link to the article |
| The mental health effects of the first two months of lockdown and social distancing during the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK | June 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Working paper | Mental health; Inequalities; Age groups | Link to the paper |
| Problem drinking before and during the COVID-19 crisis in US and UK adults: Evidence from two population-based longitudinal studies | June 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Pre-print (awaiting peer review) | Alcohol consumption; Mental health; Health behaviours | Link to the paper |
| Inequalities in home learning and schools’ provision of distance teaching during school closure of COVID-19 lockdown in the UK | June 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Working paper | Home schooling; inequalities; ethnicity | Link to the paper |
| The effects of coronavirus on household finances and financial distress | June 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Briefing note | Household finances; Financial distress; Earnings | Link to the briefing note |
| Did the UK policy response to Covid-19 protect household incomes? | June 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Working paper | Household income; Employment; Earnings | Link to the paper |
| COVID-19 Survey Briefing Note: Health and caring | June 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Briefing note | Mental health; Health behaviours; Caring | Link to the briefing note |
| COVID-19 Survey Briefing Note: Home schooling | June 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Briefing note | Education; Household resources; Parenting | Link to the briefing note |
| ALSPAC COVID-19 Questionnaire data (April-May 2020) | June 2020 | Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children | Regional | Data note (awaiting peer review) | Cross-generation; Health; Well-being; Behaviour | Link to the Data note |
| Longitudinal changes in mental health and the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from the UK Household Longitudinal Study. | June 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Pre-print (awaiting peer review) | Mental health; Well-being; Demographic groups | Link to the paper |
| Gender inequalities: changes in income, time use and well-being before and during the UK COVID-19 lockdown | June 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Pre-print (awaiting peer review) | Gender; Inequalities; Well-being; Time use | Link to the paper |
| Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in two longitudinal UK population cohorts. | June 2020 | Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children / Generation Scotland | Regional | Pre-print (awaiting peer review) | Mental health; Anxiety; Well-being | Link to the paper |
| COVID-19 and associations with frailty and multimorbidity: a prospective analysis of UK Biobank participants | June 2020 | UK Biobank | National | Pre-print (awaiting peer review) | Frailty; Multimorbidity; Epidemiology | Link to the paper |
| Ethnicity, comorbidity, socioeconomic status, and their associations with COVID-19 infection in England: a cohort analysis of UK Biobank data | June 2020 | UK Biobank | National | Pre-print (awaiting peer review) | Epidemiology; Inequalities; Ethnicity | Link to the paper |
| The idiosyncratic impact of an aggregate shock: the distributional consequences of COVID-19 | June 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Working paper | Economic shocks; Social security; Earnings | Link to the paper |
| Older and ‘staying at home’ during lockdown: informal care receipt during the COVID-19 pandemic amongst people aged 70 and over in the UK | June 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Pre-print (awaiting peer review) | Older people; Household composition; Care needs | Link to the paper |
| The COVID-19 Pandemic and its Impact on Inequality of Opportunity in Psychological Distress in the UK | May 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Pre-print (awaiting peer review) | Psychological distress; Occupation; Inequalities | Link to the paper |
| Obesity and risk of COVID-19: analysis of UK biobank | May 2020 | UK Biobank | National | Article | Obesity; Health behaviours; BMI | Link to the article |
| COVID-19 Survey Briefing Note: The Economic Effects | May 2020 | Understanding Society | National | Briefing note | Economics; Employment; Earnings | Link to the briefing note |
| Real-time tracking of self-reported symptoms to predict potential COVID-19. | May 2020 | Twins UK | National | Article | Medicine; Epidemiology; Symptomology | Link to the article |
| Rapid implementation of mobile technology for real-time epidemiology of COVID-19. | May 2020 | Twins UK | National | Article | Epidemiology; Public health; Mobile technology | Link to the article |
| Lifestyle risk factors, inflammatory mechanisms, and COVID-19 hospitalization: A community-based cohort study of 387,109 adults in UK. | May 2020 | UK Biobank | National | Article | Health behaviours; Inequalities; Obesity | Link to the article |
| Ethnic and socioeconomic differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection: prospective cohort study using UK Biobank. | May 2020 | UK Biobank | National | Article | Health behaviours; Inequalities; Ethnicity | Link to the article |
| Generation Scotland CovidLife Survey First Report | May 2020 | Generation Scotland | Devolved Nations | Report | Employment; Well-being; Mental health | Link to the report |
| Current tobacco smoking and risk from COVID-19: results from a population symptom app in over 2.4 million people | May 2020 | TwinsUK / COVID Symptom Tracker | National | Pre-print (awaiting peer review) | Symptoms; Smoking; Epidemiology | Link to the paper |
| Self-reported symptoms of covid-19 including symptoms most predictive of SARS-CoV-2 infection, are heritable | April 2020 | TwinsUK | National | Pre-print (awaiting peer review) | Symptoms; Heritability; Public health | Link to the paper |
| Geo-social gradients in predicted COVID-19 prevalence and severity in Great Britain: results from 2,266,235 users of the COVID-19 Symptoms Tracker app | April 2020 | COVID Symptom Tracker | National | Pre-print (awaiting peer review) | Inequalities; Public health; Deprivation | Link to the paper |
